Windows 命令
所有受支持的 Windows 和 Windows Server 版本都内置了一组 Win32 控制台命令。 这组文档介绍了可用于通过脚本或脚本工具自动执行任务的 Windows 命令。
命令行 shell
Windows 有两个命令行 shell:命令 shell 和 PowerShell。 每个 shell 都是一个软件程序,可在你与操作系统或应用程序之间提供直接通信,从而提供自动化 IT 操作的环境。
命令 shell 是 Windows 中内置的第一个 shell,用于使用批处理 (.bat) 文件自动执行日常任务,例如用户帐户管理或夜间备份。 使用 Windows 脚本宿主,可以在命令 shell 中运行更复杂的脚本。 有关详细信息,请参阅 cscript 或 wscript。 与使用用户界面相比,使用脚本执行操作效率更高。 脚本接受命令行中可用的所有命令。
PowerShell 旨在扩展命令 shell 的功能,运行名为 cmdlet 的 PowerShell 命令。 Cmdlet 类似于 Windows 命令,但提供可扩展性更高的脚本语言。 可以在 PowerShell 中同时运行 Windows 命令和 PowerShell cmdlet,但命令 shell 只能运行 Windows 命令,而不能运行 PowerShell cmdlet。
对于最可靠、最新的 Windows 自动化,我们建议使用 PowerShell,而不是 Windows 命令或 Windows 脚本宿主实现 Windows 自动化。
有关 Windows 命令的退出和错误代码的参考,请参阅调试系统错误代码文章,这些文章可能有助于了解生成的错误。 Windows 命令还包括命令重定向运算符。 若要详细了解其用法,请参阅使用命令重定向运算符。
注意
你还可以下载并安装 PowerShell Core,这是 PowerShell 的开源版本。
命令 shell 文件和目录名称自动补全
可以将 Command shell 配置为在按下指定的控制字符时自动补全计算机或用户会话上的文件和目录名称。 默认情况下,对于文件和目录名,此控制字符配置为 Tab 键,但也可能有所不同。 若要更改此控制字符,请运行 regedit.exe
并导航到以下任一注册表项和条目,具体取决于是希望仅更改当前用户的值,还是要更改计算机所有用户的值。
注意
不正确地编辑注册表可能会对系统造成严重损坏。 在对注册表进行以下更改之前,应备份计算机上任何有价值的数据。
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Command Processor\CompletionChar
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Command Processor\PathCompletionChar
将这些值设置为要使用的控制字符的值。 有关完整列表,请参阅虚拟键代码。 若要禁用注册表中的特定补全字符,请使用空格 (0x20) 的值,因为它不是有效的控制字符。 此注册表项的值类型为 REG_DWORD,也可以用十六进制或十进制值指定。
也可以运行 cmd.exe
并带有参数和开关 /F:ON
或 /F:OFF
,从而根据命令 shell 实例来启用或禁用文件和目录名称补全。 如果使用 /F:ON
参数和开关启用了名称补全,则会使用控制字符 Ctrl-D
来进行目录名称补全,使用 Ctrl-F
进行文件名补全。 用户指定的设置优先于计算机设置,命令行选项优先于注册表设置。
命令行参考 A-Z
若要查找有关特定命令的信息,请在以下 A-Z 菜单中,选择命令开头的字母,然后选择命令名称。
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z
A
- active
- add
- add alias
- add volume
- adprep
- append
- arp
- assign
- assoc
- at
- atmadm
- attach-vdisk
- attrib
- attributes
- auditpol
- autochk
- autoconv
- autofmt
- automount
B
- bcdboot
- bcdedit
- bdehdcfg
- begin backup
- begin restore
- bitsadmin
- bitsadmin addfile
- bitsadmin addfileset
- bitsadmin addfilewithranges
- bitsadmin cache
- bitsadmin cancel
- bitsadmin complete
- bitsadmin create
- bitsadmin 示例
- bitsadmin getaclflags
- bitsadmin getbytestotal
- bitsadmin getbytestransferred
- bitsadmin getclientcertificate
- bitsadmin getcompletiontime
- bitsadmin getcreationtime
- bitsadmin getcustomheaders
- bitsadmin getdescription
- bitsadmin getdisplayname
- bitsadmin geterror
- bitsadmin geterrorcount
- bitsadmin getfilestotal
- bitsadmin getfilestransferred
- bitsadmin gethelpertokenflags
- bitsadmin gethelpertokensid
- bitsadmin gethttpmethod
- bitsadmin getmaxdownloadtime
- bitsadmin getminretrydelay
- bitsadmin getmodificationtime
- bitsadmin getnoprogresstimeout
- bitsadmin getnotifycmdline
- bitsadmin getnotifyflags
- bitsadmin getnotifyinterface
- bitsadmin getowner
- bitsadmin getpeercachingflags
- bitsadmin getpriority
- bitsadmin getproxybypasslist
- bitsadmin getproxylist
- bitsadmin getproxyusage
- bitsadmin getreplydata
- bitsadmin getreplyfilename
- bitsadmin getreplyprogress
- bitsadmin getsecurityflags
- bitsadmin getstate
- bitsadmin gettemporaryname
- bitsadmin gettype
- bitsadmin getvalidationstate
- bitsadmin help
- bitsadmin info
- bitsadmin list
- bitsadmin listfiles
- bitsadmin makecustomheaderswriteonly
- bitsadmin monitor
- bitsadmin nowrap
- bitsadmin peercaching
- bitsadmin peers
- bitsadmin rawreturn
- bitsadmin removeclientcertificate
- bitsadmin removecredentials
- bitsadmin replaceremoteprefix
- bitsadmin reset
- bitsadmin resume
- bitsadmin setaclflag
- bitsadmin setclientcertificatebyid
- bitsadmin setclientcertificatebyname
- bitsadmin setcredentials
- bitsadmin setcustomheaders
- bitsadmin setdescription
- bitsadmin setdisplayname
- bitsadmin sethelpertoken
- bitsadmin sethelpertokenflags
- bitsadmin sethttpmethod
- bitsadmin setmaxdownloadtime
- bitsadmin setminretrydelay
- bitsadmin setnoprogresstimeout
- bitsadmin setnotifycmdline
- bitsadmin setnotifyflags
- bitsadmin setpeercachingflags
- bitsadmin setpriority
- bitsadmin setproxysettings
- bitsadmin setreplyfilename
- bitsadmin setsecurityflags
- bitsadmin setvalidationstate
- bitsadmin suspend
- bitsadmin takeownership
- bitsadmin transfer
- bitsadmin util
- bitsadmin wrap
- bootcfg
- break
C
- cacls
- call
- cd
- certreq
- certutil
- change
- chcp
- chdir
- chglogon
- chgport
- chgusr
- chkdsk
- chkntfs
- choice
- cipher
- clean
- cleanmgr
- clip
- cls
- cmd
- cmdkey
- cmstp
- color
- comp
- compact
- compact vdisk
- convert
- copy
- create
- cscript
D
- date
- dcdiag
- dcgpofix
- dcpromo
- defrag
- del
- delete
- detach vdisk
- detail
- dfsdiag
- dfsrmig
- diantz
- dir
- diskcomp
- diskcopy
- diskpart
- diskperf
- diskraid
- diskshadow
- dispdiag
- dnscmd
- doskey
- driverquery
- dtrace
E
- echo
- edit
- endlocal
- end restore
- erase
- eventcreate
- Evntcmd
- exec
- exit
- expand
- expand vdisk
- expose
- extend
- extract
F
- fc
- filesystems
- find
- findstr
- finger
- flattemp
- fondue
- for
- forfiles
- format
- freedisk
- fsutil
- ftp
- ftp append
- ftp ascii
- ftp bell
- ftp binary
- ftp bye
- ftp cd
- ftp close
- ftp debug
- ftp delete
- ftp dir
- ftp disconnect
- ftp get
- ftp glob
- ftp hash
- ftp lcd
- ftp literal
- ftp ls
- ftp mget
- ftp mkdir
- ftp mls
- ftp mput
- ftp open
- ftp prompt
- ftp put
- ftp pwd
- ftp quit
- ftp quote
- ftp recv
- ftp remotehelp
- ftp rename
- ftp rmdir
- ftp send
- ftp status
- ftp trace
- ftp type
- ftp user
- ftp verbose
- ftp mdelete
- ftp mdir
- ftype
- fveupdate
G
H
I
J
K
- klist
- ksetup
- ksetup addenctypeattr
- ksetup addhosttorealmmap
- ksetup addkdc
- ksetup addkpasswd
- ksetup addrealmflags
- ksetup changepassword
- ksetup delenctypeattr
- ksetup delhosttorealmmap
- ksetup delkdc
- ksetup delkpasswd
- ksetup delrealmflags
- ksetup domain
- ksetup dumpstate
- ksetup getenctypeattr
- ksetup listrealmflags
- ksetup mapuser
- ksetup removerealm
- ksetup server
- ksetup setcomputerpassword
- ksetup setenctypeattr
- ksetup setrealm
- ksetup setrealmflags
- ktmutil
- ktpass
L
- label
- list
- load metadata
- lodctr
- logman
- logman create
- logman create alert
- logman create api
- logman create cfg
- logman create counter
- logman create trace
- logman delete
- logman import and logman export
- logman query
- logman start and logman stop
- logman update
- logman update alert
- logman update api
- logman update cfg
- logman update counter
- logman update trace
- logoff
- lpq
- lpr
M
- macfile
- makecab
- manage bde
- manage bde status
- manage bde on
- manage bde off
- manage bde pause
- manage bde resume
- manage bde lock
- manage bde unlock
- manage bde autounlock
- manage bde protectors
- manage bde tpm
- manage bde setidentifier
- manage bde forcerecovery
- manage bde changepassword
- manage bde changepin
- manage bde changekey
- manage bde keypackage
- manage bde upgrade
- manage bde wipefreespace
- mapadmin
- md
- merge vdisk
- mkdir
- mklink
- mmc
- mode
- more
- mount
- mountvol
- move
- mqbkup
- mqsvc
- mqtgsvc
- msdt
- msg
- msiexec
- msinfo32
- mstsc
N
- nbtstat
- netcfg
- netdom
- net print
- netsh
- netstat
- nfsadmin
- nfsshare
- nfsstat
- nlbmgr
- nltest
- nslookup
- nslookup exit 命令
- nslookup finger 命令
- nslookup help
- nslookup ls
- nslookup lserver
- nslookup root
- nslookup server
- nslookup set
- nslookup set all
- nslookup set class
- nslookup set d2
- nslookup set debug
- nslookup set domain
- nslookup set port
- nslookup set querytype
- nslookup set recurse
- nslookup set retry
- nslookup set root
- nslookup set search
- nslookup set srchlist
- nslookup set timeout
- nslookup set type
- nslookup set vc
- nslookup view
- ntbackup
- ntcmdprompt
- ntfrsutl
O
P
- pagefileconfig
- path
- pathping
- pause
- pbadmin
- pentnt
- perfmon
- ping
- pktmon
- pnpunattend
- pnputil
- popd
- powershell
- powershell ise
- prncnfg
- prndrvr
- prnjobs
- prnmngr
- prnport
- prnqctl
- prompt
- pubprn
- pushd
- pushprinterconnections
- pwlauncher
- pwsh
Q
R
- rd
- rdpsign
- recover
- recover disk group
- refsutil
- reg
- regini
- regsvr32
- relog
- rem
- 删除
- ren
- rename
- repadmin
- repair
- replace
- rescan
- reset
- retain
- revert
- rexec
- risetup
- rmdir
- robocopy
- route ws2008
- rpcinfo
- rpcping
- rsh
- rundll32
- rundll32 printui
- rwinsta
S
- san
- sc config
- sc create
- sc delete
- sc query
- schtasks
- scwcmd
- secedit
- select
- serverceipoptin
- servermanagercmd
- serverweroptin
- set environmental variables
- set shadow copy
- setx
- sfc
- shadow
- shift
- showmount
- shrink
- shutdown
- simulate restore
- sort
- start
- subcommand set device
- subcommand set drivergroup
- subcommand set drivergroupfilter
- subcommand set driverpackage
- subcommand set image
- subcommand set imagegroup
- subcommand set server
- subcommand set transportserver
- subcommand set multicasttransmission
- subcommand start namespace
- subcommand start server
- subcommand start transportserver
- subcommand stop server
- subcommand stop transportserver
- subst
- sxstrace
- sysocmgr
- systeminfo
T
- takeown
- tapicfg
- taskkill
- tasklist
- tcmsetup
- telnet
- tftp
- time
- timeout
- title
- tlntadmn
- tpmtool
- tpmvscmgr
- tracerpt
- tracert
- tree
- tscon
- tsdiscon
- tsecimp
- tskill
- tsprof
- type
- typeperf
- tzutil
U
V
W
- waitfor
- wbadmin
- wbadmin delete catalog
- wbadmin delete systemstatebackup
- wbadmin disable backup
- wbadmin enable backup
- wbadmin get disks
- wbadmin get items
- wbadmin get status
- wbadmin get versions
- wbadmin restore catalog
- wbadmin start backup
- wbadmin start recovery
- wbadmin start sysrecovery
- wbadmin start systemstatebackup
- wbadmin start systemstaterecovery
- wbadmin stop job
- wdsutil
- wecutil
- wevtutil
- where
- whoami
- winnt
- winnt32
- winrs
- winsat mem
- winsat mfmedia
- wmic
- writer
- wscript
X
反馈
https://aka.ms/ContentUserFeedback。
即将发布:在整个 2024 年,我们将逐步淘汰作为内容反馈机制的“GitHub 问题”,并将其取代为新的反馈系统。 有关详细信息,请参阅:提交和查看相关反馈